Enabling people at risk of or living with frailty to Age Well in the Western Isles

Project Background

This one-year project is in partnership with the Western Isles Integrated Joint Board and NHS Western Isles about enabling people to age well in the Western Isles.  The Western Isles Integration Joint Board is a Strategic Commissioning Board who commission services with NHS Western Isles, Comhairle Nan Eilean Siar and Third Sector partners. 

 Key Facts  

The demographic profile of the Western Isles shows a steadily ageing population alongside declining youth and workingage numbers.   

• Population (mid2024): approximately 26,020.  
• Proportion aged 65 and over: 27.4% (≈7,130 people) – among the highest in Scotland.  
• 0–15 age group declined by ~13% over the decade to 2024 (highest in Scotland).  
• 16–64 (working age) group declined by ~7.8%.  
• By 2037, almost 40% of the population is projected to be aged 65+.  

IMPACT Factfile

Pre Project Evidence

An evidence review was conducted in June-July 2025 (Heaton, 2025) exploring how reablement services for older adults with frailty can be delivered effectively in rural and island settings and how asset-based approaches might strengthen these services. 

Overall, evidence on reablement in rural and island areas remains sparse and methodologically mixed, highlighting the need for research that considers wider social and environmental influences and shifts the focus from physical outcomes and cost savings toward inclusive, community-based systems that enhance older people’s capacity and self-defined goals.  

Ageing Well Project

Building on evidence review, this project seeks to understand current services and support for older people living with, or at risk of frailty in the Western Isles, to identify gaps and to explore improvements to help people to age well by 

  • Understanding the local geography and context   
  • Review Evidence Review (Heaton, 2025)     
  • Further evidence collection from related projects and themes  
  • Stakeholder engagement  
  • Generated project themes from lived experience, community groups and health staff   
  • Relationship Building  
  • Creating project artefacts 

Project Engagement

In October, November and December 2025, the Strategic Improvement Coaches held community discussions and focus groups across the Western Isles gathering further evidence and drawing on the perspectives from people with lived experience, third sector organisations and community groups as well as health and social care professionals to ensure that any decisions and outputs from the project are co-produced and evidence-informed. 

Stakeholder Engagement

Over 25 meetings with a mix of in-person and online have been held to date across stakeholder groups. 

The conversations involved health and social care staff and  various third sector organisations including Alzheimer’s Scotland, Crossroads Lewis, Long Term Conditions Hebrides (LTCH), Neurohebrides; bringing together perspectives from staff, carers, service users, and community members.  

Steering Group Activity

The steering group is comprised of carers, lived experience, WI Integrated Joint Board, NHS WI, Long Term Conditions Hebrides, Alzheimer’s Western Isles, Crossroads, and Neurohebrides. 

The first meeting of the steering group was held on 26th November to advise of the project’s focus, co-production approach, activities to date, feedback from other meetings and initial thoughts from the steering group. 

Key points included the importance of remaining at home for better ageing, the need for better transport and digital inclusion, and the challenges of accessing personal assistance and social opportunities. Funding sustainability and the impact of climate change on services were highlighted. The group emphasized the need for better communication between health services and the third sector.  

Focus Groups

The project ran focus groups with both staff and those with lived experience. The aims of the groups were:

  • enabling people at risk of or living with frailty to age well in the Western Isles.  
  • co-production.  
  • to create a pilot and implement it in the Western Isles, drawing on insights from research, lived experience, and practice knowledge.  
  • explore ways to help people live well in their communities, using existing resources and boosting what already works.  
  • The project will involve the community in shaping and evaluating the project, with a goal to inform local policy and practice.  

Themes

Staff Focus Group

These themes bring together key insights from discussions and focus groups with staff from across health and social care on how best to support people to age well in the Western Isles.  

Social connection is central to ageing well. Isolation, loss of routine, and reduced community activity—particularly post-COVID—are contributing to declining emotional wellbeing, confidence, and independence. Informal, socially focused opportunities such as peer groups, social cafés, and community-led activities play a vital role in maintaining wellbeing and preventing decline.

Regular physical activity is essential to maintaining strength, mobility, and independence. Programmes such as the previous Move More programme and prehabilitation models were highlighted as effective but currently limited in availability. Earlier, preventative interventions are often undervalued despite their potential to reduce future demand on health and care services.

Reablement services, including the START model, are effective in supporting recovery following illness or functional decline. However, access is geographically limited and there is a significant gap before people meet reablement thresholds. A more flexible, preventative reablement approach is needed to support people earlier and help them help themselves.

There are significant pressures on home care and respite provision, particularly urgent respite and discharge support. Limited capacity increases strain on families and raises the risk of avoidable hospital admissions. Short-term, emergency access to support is critical to keeping people at home.

Community assets—such as halls, gyms, volunteer groups, and local initiatives—are underused but represent a major opportunity. Strengths-based, community-led approaches, including cross-generational activity and volunteering, can enhance sustainability, engagement, and local ownership.

Geography, distance, and transport availability remain major barriers to accessing services and activities. Rural and island communities experience inequitable access, with resources and pilots often concentrated in more central locations.

Workforce shortages, recruitment challenges, and time pressures across health, social care, and community sectors limit capacity and innovation. Workforce sustainability is a critical enabler of any future model.

Improved coordination, navigation, and communication between services are needed. Clear signposting, directories, toolkits, and potential navigator roles would help people access the right support at the right time and make better use of existing resources.

Lived Experience

These themes reflects lived-experience insights and third-sector perspectives on what supports people to age well, and where systems and services fall short. It highlights the central role of communities, voluntary organisations, carers, and preventative support in sustaining wellbeing, particularly in remote and island settings. 

Strong, close-knit communities – often described as a “Rosetta effect” – are a defining strength, helping people feel known, supported, and valued. Community-led organisations such as LTCH, Neuro Hebrides, Alzheimer Scotland, Crossroads Lewis, and Tolsta Café play a critical role in reducing loneliness through regular, simple contact, both face-to-face and digital. However, communication gaps persist between statutory and third-sector services, with inconsistent follow-up and limited coordination. Clearer signposting, improved continuity (e.g. a shared “passport” system), and better engagement with more remote islands are needed.

Transport remains one of the most significant barriers to ageing well. Unreliable ferries and flights, long distances, high costs, and increasing climate-related disruption limit access to healthcare, social activities, and support. Home-based care and respite services are highly valued as they reduce the need for travel and support people to remain at home. Mobile or travelling services, such as therapy buses, were identified as a promising solution, alongside improved access to personal assistants.

Social isolation disproportionately affects people living alone or without family support. Local groups and in-home visits provide essential social connection, helping people build confidence and maintain independence. Persistent stigma around ageing, frailty, and dementia can prevent engagement, highlighting the need for positive messaging, peer ambassadors, and normalising participation in community activities.

Carers rely heavily on third-sector provision for respite, emotional support, and peer connection. Services such as Crossroads Lewis and Alzheimer Scotland are described as lifelines. Supporting carers is essential to sustaining care at home and improving outcomes for both carers and those they support. There is a clear need for flexible, sustainable respite options, particularly for complex and palliative care situations.

Technology offers significant opportunities to reduce isolation and improve access to services. However, barriers remain, including lack of confidence, training, connectivity, and affordable access. The loss of initiatives such as Mpower was keenly felt. Successful digital platforms delivered by community organisations demonstrate what is possible, but ongoing investment and one-to-one support are required to ensure digital inclusion rather than exclusion.

The Western Isles benefit from a rich network of community organisations, volunteers, and informal supports. These assets deliver low-cost, high-impact wellbeing support, including movement, social connection, and practical help. However, workforce shortages, volunteer fatigue, and short-term funding cycles threaten sustainability. Third-sector organisations require long-term investment, equal partnership recognition, and meaningful inclusion of lived experience in planning and policy development.

Movement is central to ageing well. Activities such as walking football, group walks, chair-based and online exercise support physical health, confidence, routine, and social connection. Even light movement helps structure the day and maintain independence, reinforcing the strong link between physical and emotional wellbeing.

Ageing well is fundamentally about inclusion, connection, and community strength. Participants emphasised the need to move away from viewing ageing as decline and towards recognising the value, resilience, and wisdom of older people. Despite structural challenges, the compassion, creativity, and strong community bonds across the islands are seen as a powerful foundation for future solutions.

Meet Our Demonstrators: Marina Maciver & Patricia Clapham

Marina Maciver

I am an advanced nurse practitioner with a background in Primary Care. I joined IMPACT following completion of my PhD at the University of Aberdeen.

IMPACT offered a unique opportunity to combine clinical experience, evidence based practice and co-production to improve outcomes for people who use Scotland’s health and social care services

Patricia Clapham

I started working in the private sector before moving into the public sector. The majority of my career was spent within a local Health and Social Care Partnership. I then moved fields transitioning into process improvement and then finally to change management. I am delighted to be back in the field of health and social care working with IMPACT on a project close to my values.